Unit 2: Safety First — اللغة الإنجليزية 3AS

ملخص الفصل «Unit 2: Safety First» في مادة اللغة الإنجليزية، السنة الثالثة ثانوي (بكالوريا)، وفق المنهاج الجزائري: أهم المفاهيم في كل درس، وأسئلة لاختبار فهمك، وتمارين.

دروس الفصل

1. Modal of hypothesis

   When we are not stating a fact but making a deduction, we use modals of hypothesis. Each modal shows how certain the speaker is, from a firm conclusion to a remote possibility.

   • Degrees of certainty
   • Deduction about the past
   • Modal + passive

   خلاصة :must (near certainty), may / might / could (possibility), can't (near-certain negative); + have + past participle for the past, + be + past participle for the passive.

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2. Conditional type 1 + 'unless'

   Conditional sentences link a condition to its result. Type 0 states a general truth, type 1 a real future possibility, type 2 an imaginary situation. unless replaces if ... not.

   • Type 0 and type 1
   • Type 2 (unreal present)
   • unless

   خلاصة :Type 1: if + present simple, will + stem; unless = if ... not and takes an affirmative verb.

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3. Result / cause linker

   Link words show whether the idea that follows is the cause or the consequence. The choice depends on grammar: some are followed by a clause (subject + verb), others by a noun phrase.

   • Cause + subject + verb
   • Cause + noun phrase
   • Consequence

   خلاصة :because / since / as + clause and because of / due to / owing to + noun phrase give the cause; so / therefore / consequently / as a result give the consequence.

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